Modafinil is an analeptic, a central nervous system stimulant, used in the CIS countries, America and parts of Europe for the treatment of narcolepsy, schizophrenia and in the complex treatment of depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperactivity disorder. In the Russian Federation, modafinil is banned, included in the second "List of narcotic and psychotropic drugs." Despite restrictions on distribution and criminal liability, illegal use of the substance is growing among students, scientists and the military as an aphrodisiac that eliminates the need for sleep, increased performance, stamina and brain activity during periods of increased mental stress.

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Modafinil is a powerful eugeric that suppresses sleep and enhances cognitive functions. The pharmacological action has not been fully studied, the mechanism of some of the reactions caused is not clear.

It produces the production of the neuropeptide orexin, the lack of which causes sleeping sickness - narcolepsy. Orexin levels regulate the wake-sleep cycle. The main function is to stimulate the production of histamine, which is responsible for signaling the immune system in response to an external stimulus or stress. Histamine controls sleep and memory, enhances concentration and cognitive abilities, is responsible for appetite, sexual behavior and motivation.

Increases dopamine levels by inhibiting receptors. As a result, the amount of the neurotransmitter increases significantly. Dopamine is known as the "hormone of joy", but in addition to increasing mood and pleasure, it is responsible for attention and motivation, activates the memorization of information, and exceeds the adaptive properties of the body.

It blocks the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, which leads to a burst of energy, improved memory, attention and perception, acceleration of movements and thought processes. At the same time, the feeling of happiness and self-confidence increases.

Increases the concentration of glutamate and blocks GABA. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter responsible for physical and mental arousal. GABA is responsible for the functions opposite to glutamate - it inhibits and regulates excitation processes. Modafinil suppresses it, which enhances the stimulant characteristics.

Stimulates BDNF , a brain neurotropic factor responsible for neuroplasticity, growth and survival of nerve cells, recovery from injuries and stress, and adaptation to new environmental conditions. Also, BDNF maintains and restores the memory departments in the brain.

According to the effect of long-term use, it depletes all reserves of stimulated hormones, inhibiting their own production.

Modafinil: effect on the body

Effect on the body - VerimedThe use of Modafinil increases efficiency and mental processes, suppresses the feeling of fatigue and the need for sleep. At the same time, it enhances concentration, logical and analytical thinking, memorization of information.

Increases job satisfaction, motivation, self-confidence and self-confidence, improves mood. Reduces feelings of anxiety, depression, depression and irritability.

Despite the fact that modafinil is banned in Russia, it is often used independently without medical indications, acquiring from illegal distributors. It gained the greatest popularity among athletes, students and young people whose activities are associated with physical and psychological overload. It is used by users of methamphetamine and analogues to increase the cognitive functions of the brain , they are used for withdrawal syndrome.

Adverse reactions and complications

Regular intake depletes the nervous system, disrupts the production of its own neurotransmitters, which leads to serious neuropsychiatric changes, substance dependence, and cognitive decline. Common side effects of Modafinil:Adverse reactions and complications - Verimed

headaches due to an increase in the concentration of glutamate or dehydration;

insomnia as a result of increased stress hormones;

numerous allergic manifestations due to the concentration of histamine;

restlessness and increased anxiety;

long-term loss of appetite caused by CNS stimulating effects;

violations of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, gas formation due to irritation of the intestinal tissue by the products of medafinil catabolism;

thirst, dry mouth, as a result of the activation of muscarinic receptors;

fever due to excessive stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which can lead to serious consequences, convulsions;

the occurrence of hallucinations due to neurological dysfunction;

depression as a result of a sharp drop in dopamine.

Side effects of the use of drug modafinil are noted more often than with other nootropic drugs.

Overdose symptoms

An overdose of modafinil is possible when using a large dose, manifested by an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disorders. The consequences of an overdose are characterized by severe migraine, sleep disturbance and subsequent depression.

withdrawal syndrome

Cancellation of the drug causes multiple unpleasant reactions